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History
The development of the portable radio actually began 1926 with a telephone service in the course of the German National Railroad and realm post office on the distance between Hamburg and Berlin. This telephone service became only the passengers the 1. Class offered, but 1918, approximately five years after the invention of the Meissnerischen transmitter, by the German National Railroad already attempts with radio telephones were already accomplished in the area Berlin. The largest portable radio manufacturers worldwide are Audiovox, BenQ (formerly Siemens mobile), Kyocera, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Panasonic, Samsung, Sagem, Sanyo, Sharp, SK Teletech and Sony Ericsson. Alcatel will step out of the division of mobile telephones. Siemens already sold the range, whereby the mark Siemens may be still used.
But now the development goes increasingly toward combined multi-function equipment with functions as telephone, clock, camera, MP3-Player, navigation equipment, computer and play console. For these devices in the meantime the designation became generally accepted Smartphone or also PDA Phone.
Mobile manufacturers
World market leader with the mobiles is the Finnish enterprise Nokia. Above all the Asiatic manufacturers, like LG Electronics, Bird, Haier, Konka, Spice Telecom and TCL, get regarding the market share up.
Short Report/MMS
Short report actually can dispatch each mobile telephone today also short reports. First short message, in December 1992 by a PC to a mobile telephone in the British Vodafone net was sent. For the short reports the name SMS was falsely in-patriated, although the contraction SMS the carrier service designation (message service short). The correct name for the short report would be SM.
Advancements of the SMS exist under the name Enhanced Message service (EMS) and Multimedia Messaging service (MMS). The MMS offers the possibility of dispatching with a mobile telephone multimedia messages (videos, pictures, clay/tone and text) from up to meanwhile 500 KB to other mobile terminals. MMS is not compatible to SMS or EMS, Terminals must MMS explicitly support. The photographed pictures are stored on the mobile telephone and can be dispatched as multi-median oh arranging (MMS). Fees result, which are at present with approximately 30 to 100 euro cent per MMS. Depending upon type of telephone these pictures can be dispatched also as E-Mail, over infrared, by Bluetooth or transferred over a USB cable.
Mobile camera
Since 2002 are equipped ever more mobile telephones with integrated camera. With this mobile camera the image pick-up equipments are usually at the back of the mobile telephone. However, the quality of the first mobile cameras left to be desired much. Since center 2004, however some models can keep up with simple digital cameras. Particularly during brighter environment, sufficiently good pictures can be made. With darkness the pictures receive however a strong color noise, since integrated lightning is missing (however as stick onable accessories available).
Since newest you can take also videos, usually limited on up to 30 or are taken up 60 seconds. The quality of videos with Mobile cameras is compared below average to Camcorderfilms usually strongly. Portable radio devices with 2-Megapixel-Kamera are among other things the Sharp TM200 von t-T-Mobile, the UMTS mobile Sharp V902 from Vodafone and the K750i from SonyEricsson. On the CeBit 2005 with the Samsung Sgh-v770 the first 7-Megapixel-Handy of the world was introduced. It acts with the equipment rather around a digital camera with mobile telephone, because the Samsung Sgh-v770 has wide angle and teleresolutionslenses, an inserted optical triple zoom shot, besides can sharpness, focal length and the Catch time are adjusted. The front looks like a Handy, while the back accommodates most digital camera functions. Increasingly however larger companies forbid to their coworkers bringing mobile telephones with camera function on the work area. Before the background of the ever better dissolution of the mobile cameras, this represents a safety risk in particular within the range of the industrial espionage.
Music- and Videoplayer
Since beginning of 2004 are also mobile telephones with integrated MP3-Player and radio in the trade available. For example, the Motorola E398, the Sharp V902, the Sony Ericsson K700i or Siemens the SX1 has this function. With this Smartphones music files can be loaded as with a MP3-Player on the equipment memory. Mobile telephones of the newest generation, which offer Multimediafunktions beside a mega pixel camera also such as music rendition and video admission and rendition. The moreover the Sharp TM 200 offers to extend the Sony Ericsson K750i and the Nokia 6230i the storage capacity with a memory card substantially depending upon Model up to several GB.
Data communication
With many mobiles is possible it, for data by serial or USB cable to transfer via infrared or Bluetooth to the computer and back. It is possible to synchronize the directory to transfer in the Internet (via WAP or mobile HTML) to surf or pictures and bell tones on the Handy. A transmission of Java programs (above all plays) is permitted by practically all manufacturers, whereby each Java program with each mobile model is not compatible.
Push-to-talk
For the portable radio service Push-to-talk, that it made possible to dispatch short language messages to individual users or groups is needed special mobiles, which support this function. There is the service in the USA since 1998 in the portable radio net Nextel. In Germany the service functions at present only with t-mobile. For this function, since in the middle of the 2004 in some mobile telephones, as for example into the Nokia 6260 or Siemens CX 70 was built among other things, are used the GPRS net to the data communication, whereby costs arise (daily use fee 1 €). The function is comparable with by milling IE valley gravel: After pressing a press-to-talk bar a language message will transfer from a limited duration (from 30 seconds). About it is possible to send the message at the same time on up to 10 persons.
Branding
Many network carriers offer only mobile telephones, which are particularly for them adapted software equipped with one (Branding or Customization). Functions of the telephone are extended, removed or changed. E.G. customers are animated by additional menu entries to expensive, liable to pay the costs Internet connections.
Theft
Of mobile telephones are popular thief objects, whereby not only turned on, announced mobiles are interesting (the thief with them without own costs to telephone there can), but also switched off telephones secured over the pin on the SIM map. The SIM map can be removed at any time problem-free. If it concerns a Handy already unlocked, a new SIM map must be only inserted, i.e. the devices can be offered thus on the gray market as adequate hardware (for example over the Internet). In order to prevent this, the protection of the equipment is recommended by a so-called check code. Depending upon attitude the equipment is then deactivated after a certain Inactively time or switching off and is only with the help of the code again to be activated.
Mobile tariffs
One differentiates thereby between contracts with monthly account (Postpaid) and pre-payment (Prepaid). In Germany, there are the following net offerers:
T-mobile
Vodafone
E-plus
CO2 (Germany)
Dangers and health
General is assumed the fact that microwave radiation could cause the disturbance of other technical devices, so that the use of mobile telephones within sensitive ranges, as in hospitals or airplanes is partly still forbidden. These prohibitions are however recently increasingly loosened. In addition, persons with cardiac pacemakers are advised against the use mobile telephones.
Mobile and driving
It is forbidden to use a mobile, without free speech mechanism, to drivers in many countries (e.g. Germany, Austria and Switzerland). During neglect of the prohibition penalties are imposed. In addition, many are not well known that a Headset is not recognized in all countries as free speech mechanism. However, even with mentioned free speech mechanism a driver, as newest studies show, can be diverted substantially from the traffic happening.
Designations
The name \"mobile telephone\" therefore it agitates that it is a mobile (Greek for mobile) telephone. In the colloquial English linguistic usage it is “tumor”.
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