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arguments against euthanasia/
"`Legalisation of euthanasia might lead to assaults on individual autonomy.
Persons may be subjected to pressure to ask for their own death by being
made to feel guilty for the burden they impose on family and carers. Further,
professional carers (doctors, nurses) may be pressed into taking life against
their own judgements.
"`A person¡¦s expression of a desire to end his life may be influenced by a state
of depression. A person¡¦s capacity to make an informed and competent
decision may be difficult to ascertain.
"`Another problem appears if others are empowered to make decisions for the ill
or incapacitated person. When some advantage may accrue to the carer on the
death of the helpless person (for example independence, money, property)
then there may be more motivation to make independent arbitrary decisions,
without taking account of the patient¡¦s wishes.
"`The power can be misused to get rid of specified individuals or groups.
"`It could be difficult to discover, after a person¡¦s death, whether that death had
occurred from ¡§natural causes¡¨ or as a result of correctly (or incorrectly)
carried out procedures of euthanasia.
"`There could also be a failure to bring about an easy death. An acceptable
method may fail to kill the person within a reasonable time and so may cause
more suffering.
arguments for euthanasia
"`It¡¦s within the rights of a human being to choose whether to live or to die.
"`They have a right to decide whether quality or sanctity of life is most
important to them. Euthanasia would allow them to do so, without placing
other people in legal jeopardy.
"`Caring for or watching someone suffer, without any chance of relief or
recovery, can become difficult to tolerate for the carers and watchers, both
emotionally and physically, so that the carer¡¦s only prospect of relief resides
in the death of the patient.
"`The perceived impropriety of making use of high technology and expensive
medical procedures in cases where the only positive outcome is the temporary
lengthening of life, without improvement in quality of life or prospect of
recovery is often seen as an argument for euthanasia.
"`Legally, a person who kills another or connives at the death of another, breaks
the law and may be charged with a serious criminal offence (murder or
manslaughter) and may be convicted and punished.
"ÃPassive euthanasia: withdrawl of life-sustaining treatment
Active euthanasia: putting end to life of a person who, due to disease or
extreme age, can no longer lead a meaningful life.
"ÃMost opposition to the decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia arises from
religious groups. They believe that only God can give and take away life.
"ÃA slippery slope ¡V voluntary will soon lead to involuntary. There is no
evidence for this argument at all. VE as an individual choice is entirely
distinct from murdering people who are judged (by others) to have to worth.
"ÃIf euthanasia was brought into the open and strictly controlled there would be
less chance of abuse.
"ÃThe majority of people who support the idea of euthanasia do so because they
are thinking in terms of putting dying patient out of intolerable pain.
"ÃI think it¡¦s natural to hope that when the time comes I shall die peacefully
with dignity and without prolonged suffering.
"ÃEuthanasia doesn¡¦t mean getting rid of the old, the infirm and the unwanted.
That¡¦s one of the most common misunderstandings and misinterpretations I
have to dispose of.
"ÃEuthanasia helps patients to die with dignity rather than have their lives
prolonged by medical technology by no clear purpose.
"ÃMoreover I think that loss of independence is likely to be a much more
significant catalyst than pain.
"ÃLots of people are suffering a ¡§living death¡¨ in a persistent vegetative state.
"ÃThe issue is to sensitive and the ethical question too profund to come to a
simple conclusion. But I think events are forcing some kind of reform.
"ÃUnder certain circumstances death seems preferable to life to some people.
They request termination of their life because of incurable
disability/pain/suffering
"ÃTo respond with euthanasia is to agree that the person¡¦s life is worthless. It
diminishes a person¡¦s self-worth.
"ÃEverybody should make a Living Will expressing his view on euthanasia.
It is possible to make a Living Will leaving instructions that, in the event of
some incurable illness, no special efforts should be made to keep one alive.
Many doctors and nurses have strong religious and ethical objections to acting
on such instructions. And even a LV can¡¦t give doctors permission to
administer a fatal injection or an exit pill. I am not even sure it is reasonable
to burden any one doctor or relative with the responsibility of ending a human
life, however severely damaged brain and body may be.
"ÃQuality of life is only something that the individual concerned can assess.
"ÃIt would be a kindness if she could have a pill or an injection to end the
indignity and misery of her advanced cancer. I have begun to have doubts
about the ethics of euthanasia. If I had given her the ¡§exit pill ¡§ I would have
been tormented by guilt afterwards. When sufferers are physically and
mentally incapacitated and unable to communicate, who can tell how much
understanding remains and what their wishes and feelings are? It is easy to
write them off as having no quality of life, but how can we be sure they do not
still find life worth living? We discussed how the disease could possibly
develop and she never once suggested she would like her life terminated. She
seemed determined to fight to retain her faculties as long as possible. In the
moments when I considered it would have been a kindness to end her life, it
was probably because, selfishly, I was finding her suffering unbearable. I
could never have considered euthanasia in my uncle¡¦s case.
I believe now that if I were told I had ... disease my reaction would be to tidy
up my affairs and make a quick exit while I still had the ability to do so. But
I don¡¦t think I would have the means or even the courage to end it all. My
conviction now is that if I were reduced to a helpless state by dementia I
should want someone to switch me off. But legally, no one could.
"ÃDo you consider life to be sacrosanct or do you think that there might be
situations in which one could take another person¡¦s life?
"Ãlife has still got something to offer me / in store for me, being paralysed
doesn¡¦t prevent me from, quality of life wasn¡¦t reduced, no one can imagine
what it means to be in my shoes, decisions influenced by momentary pain,
takes lot of devotion to treat people if you are easily disgusted, do it on
charity basis, to be reunited in eternity.
die: pass away, pass on, lose one¡¦s life, depart this life, expire, decease, breathe
one¡¦s last, meet one¡¦s end, lay down one¡¦s life, be no more, perish, go to
one¡¦s last resting-place, cross the Styx, give up the ghost, kick the bucket,
push up the daisies, bite the dust, snuff it croak, turn up one¡¦s toes, cash in
one¡¦s chips, hop the twig
death: dying, decease, demise, end, passing (away/on), loss of life, expiration,
departure from life, final exit, curtains
dead: deceased, late, defunct, departed, lifeless, extinct, perished, gone, no
more, passed on, passed away
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