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In 1641/2, parliament was increasing worried concerning the prospects of Charles controlling military action against his Irish rebels. Charles, on the other hand, was confident that he had substantial support (especially among those who felt that parliament was becoming too radical and zealous). In January 1642, the king entered the House of Commons and attempted to arrest five of his staunchest opponents. The Commons stood firm and, in June 1642, presented Charles with Nineteen Propositions seeking to control his authority. The King withdrew from London, and in August 1642, declared war on parliament by raising his standard at Nottingham. The impending conflict caused parliament to split (royal loyalists set up a parliament in Oxford) and families to declare their allegiances.
In the first conflicts of the Civil War, Charles\'s forces (under the command of the King\'s nephew, Rupert of the Rhine) were largely successful - at Powick Bridge and Edgehill. As time moved on, the confrontation first became more balanced and then swung decisively in favour of the parliamentary forces. However, not until the defeat at Naseby in 1645 was all hope of a royalist victory ended. In 1646, Charles surrendered at Newark, to a Scots army that had been camped in northern England for most of the war. They, in return for £400,000 backpay, agreed to hand him over to parliamentary commissioners on 30 January 1647.On 3 June 1647, George Joyce of the (more republican) army seized the king and carried him off to Newmarket, then Hampton Court, then, from November 1647, Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight.
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